With the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), the international response to the threat of global warming entered a new phase. For the first time, developed countries undertook binding commitments to limit their emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). An important part of the work now facing the Parties is to elaborate mechanisms designed to ensure that Parties meet their commitments under the Protocol. Broadly speaking, they must design a compliance regime. This paper considers compliance in its broad sense—ensuring and enabling Parties’ implementation of their procedural and substantive obligations under the Protocol with the aim of achieving the FCCC’s objective of stabilizing atmospheric GHG concentrations at a level that “would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.