Peru provides an example of how illegal logging could undermine and in effect nullify REDD+. Without a substantial and competent legal framework in place to control current conditions, REDD+ activities will not be effective. Moreover, if projects move forward without overhauling the policy, legislative, and enforcement framework to prevent illegal logging, there will be significant risks of leakage and reversals, among other safeguards problems, in the future. International guidance and additional finance to support safeguards implementation could help countries make better progress toward achieving their REDD+ objectives and improving forest governance.