A Survey of United States Laws Restricting the Export of Controlled and Hazardous Substances (1992) (Goldberg) [TE92-5]

This paper describes the United States legal and regulatory regimes for the export of various controlled and hazardous substances, including drugs, pesticides, chemicals, radioactive materials, and hazardous wastes. These substances are controlled by a variety of statutes: drugs by the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), pesticides by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act … Read More.

Frictions Between International Trade Agreements and Environmental Protections (The Greening of World Trade, 1992) (Zaelke, Housman & Stanley) [TE92-6]

The underlying goal of free trade policy is to allow markets to allocate resources to their most efficient uses, while the general goal of environmental policy is to manage efficiently and maintain the earth’s resources. Where the same resources are the subject of both trade efforts to allocate and environmental efforts to manage efficiently and … Read More.

Sustainable Living: Seeking Instructions for the Future: Indigenous People’s Traditions and Environmental Protection, 3 Touro Journal of Transnational Law 141 (1992) (Housman)

As shrinking resource reserves require industrialization to push deeper into areas that have in the past been insulated from development, all around the world the last remaining indigenous societies are falling prey. Confronted with this human tragedy, environmentalists are finally taking action, joining the ranks of the human rights advocates who have been struggling to … Read More.

The Muted Voice: Women and Sustainable Development, (1992) (Housman)

Women make up about half of the world’s population1 and contribute over two-thirds of all the labor hours worked by the human race. Throughout the world, women are the primary providers of child care, as well as suppliers for themselves and their families of many of the necessities for day to day life. Increasingly, women … Read More.

Toward Global Citizenship in International Environmental Law, 28 Willamette Law Review 3 (1992) (Hunter) [IP92-3]

This essay briefly explores some of the current trends in international society with an eye towards developing a sense of global citizenship–of environmental rights and responsibilities. Part II of the essay discusses the apparent inability of the international legal system to respond adequately to global environmental challenges. Part III suggests that the failure of the … Read More.

Environmental Reforms in Post-Communist Central Europe: From High Hopes to Hard Reality, 13 Michigan Journal of International Law 921 (1992) (Hunter & Bowman) [EU92-1]

The revolutions that swept through Central and Eastern Europe2 in 1989 and 1990 opened the Iron Curtain only to reveal a devastating environmental legacy — a legacy left from forty years of an authoritarian, centrally planned political and economic system. By now, the details of the environmental situation in Central and Eastern Europe have been … Read More.

Sustainable Development and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (March 1991)

The economic policies of the former Central and Eastern European countries serve as a stark reminder that environmental protection cannot be sacrificed (or severely degraded) for immediate economic goals. Unemployment in many regions is the direct result of factory closings initiated because they could not operate efficiently without massive government subsidies. Estimates of health care … Read More.

Provisions of the Montreal Protocol Affecting Trade (January 1991)

The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer1 provides for the phase-out, by the year 2000, of CFCs and other chemicals damaging to the ozone layer.2 These chemicals are widely used in a number of industries–as refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing substances, aerosols, and fire extinguishers. The phaseout of these substances has serious trade … Read More.

Global Warming and Climate Change: An Overview of the International Legal Process, 5 American University Journal of International Law & Policy 249 (Winter 1990) (Zaelke & Cameron); reprinted in 22 Land Use & Environmental Law Review (1991); reprinted in Italian in Futuro Sostenible: Effetto Serra 36 (1991) [CC91-1]

Climate, climate change, two degrees, global warming, fossil fuel, emissions, mitigation, energy, energy efficiency, clean energy, dirty energy, climate change denialism, climate change liability, climate change responsibility, climate impacts, emissions, CO2 emissions, greenhouse gas, greenhouse gasses, GHG, industrial greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, anthropocene, renewable energy, displacement, deforestation, arctic, arctic peoples, sea-level rise, inundation, island, island … Read More.

Technological Cooperation and the Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund, with Technological Cooperation and the Global Environment Facility (1991) (Goldberg) [CC91-2]

In September 1987 the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer was signed. The Protocol provided for the partial phaseout of substances which deplete the ozone layer, the Earth’s essential ultraviolet radiation filter. In June 1990, prompted by a growing awareness that a partial phaseout would not be adequate, the parties agreed to … Read More.

Legal Responses to the Philippine Deforestation Crisis, 20 Journal of International Law and Politics, New York University (1988) (Lynch) [LC88-1]

protecting, rights-based approach, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, UNDRIP, Forest Defender, redress mechanism, safeguards, non-carbon benefits, resources rights, land rights, community rights, indigenous rights, forest dependent, forest, people, ecosystems, protecting forest people & ecosystems, protecting forest people and ecosystems, indigenous peoples, forest peoples, forest ecosystems, sustainable development, livelihoods, mitigation, forest conservation, … Read More.

Indigenous Rights in Insular Southeast Asia, in Ruth Tasswell, ed., Southeast Asian Tribal Groups and Ethnic Minorities: Prospects for the Eighties and Beyond (Cambridge, MA: Cultural Survival, 1987) (Lynch) [LC87-1]

Environmental democracy, access rights, Principle 10, Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, right to information, right to consultation, consultation, consent, decision-making, right to remedy, right to redress, Free Prior and Informed Consent FPIC, community rights, resilient, communities, resilient communities, adaptation, mitigation, relocation, rising sea levels, sea level rise, arctic, melting ice, melting permafrost, underwater, cultural … Read More.