The relationship of international trade policy and environmental protection exploded into the U.S. public debate in the early 1990s-first, because of Mexico’s trade challenge to a U.S. law aimed at reducing the number of dolphins killed in tuna fishing nets and second, because of the acrimonious debate over the environmental implications of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). A cultural chasm soon divided trade policymakers and much of the environmental community. Trade policy is made behind closed doors with little public input, while environmentalists, in contrast, expect access to information and broad participation in decision-making. In addition to culture, substantive differences divide the trade and environmental communities. Many environmentalists and free trade advocates see the two fields as having mutually exclusive goals requiring a compromise either of environmental protection or of free trade.